In part one, the normal and excessive leakage rates of mechanical seals were discussed based on the monitoring function of API piping plan 76....

The COVID-19 pandemic has had huge effects on economies around the world, including reducing raw material production, limiting workforce availability, suppressing demand for many...

Today, industries are exploring more and more avenues of renewable energy and seeking transitions away from fossil fuels—sometimes for sustainability concerns, other times to...

Flexible hones address surface roughness and increased dimensional changes for anodized cylinders that mate with other parts.  To permit the use of aluminum instead of...

Mechanical seals can fail for many reasons, and vacuum applications present particular challenges. For example, certain seal faces exposed to vacuum can become starved...

Figure 1: Cutaway view of a pneumatic pump fitted with a PTFE diaphragm. Invented nearly 160 years ago, diaphragm or membrane pumps are used...

Leak tests are essential in semiconductor factories and in the manufacture of solar cells and flat panel displays. Identifying the smallest leaks with helium...

Although fulfilling the original design intent and functioning as intended, many “traditional” sealing systems found in industrial applications waste considerable amounts of energy. The uncontrolled...

Several industries, such as power generation, chemicals, iron, and steel, have a carbon problem.  The imperative to reduce carbon emissions has become more pressing...

According to the United States Energy Information Administration, there are almost one million oil producing wells in the United States alone, and most require...